绝对亮度阈

定义

引起视觉效应所需要的最低亮度。对视网膜中心来说大约是10 -2 ml,对中心周围的区域来说大约是10 -5 ml。

English Expression

absolute luminance threshold

Definition

Lower limit of luminance necessary for vision. About 10 -2 ml at the fovea, 10 -5 ml for peripheral vision.

其中单位ml = millilambert 毫朗伯(亮度单位) = 3.183098862 cd/m 2

绝对比色法

定义

一种色彩渲染方法。该方法不改变落在目标色域范围内的光源的颜色,而是将不在目标色域范围内的光源颜色去除。该方法旨在以不保持颜色之间的关系为代价来保正色彩的准确性,常用于预测图像在纸张或其它有明显色偏的媒质上的打印效果,例如报纸打印。

English Expression

absolute colorimetric

Definition

A rendering intent that does not change colors from the source space falling within the destination gamut, but clips out-of-gamut colors. It aims to maintain colour accuracy at the expense of preserving relationships between colours, used to predict how images will appear when printed on paper or other substrate with a distinct colour cast, such as newsprint.

备注

请参考 Color Management: Color space conversion

滤色分光光度计

定义

又称滤色光度计,一种用于测量(某对象相对于)不同波长光线的透射率或反射率的仪器。它采用窄带滤波器,而不是比较传统的色散元件(来进行波长选择)。

English Expression

abridged spectrophotometer

Definition

An instrument used to measure transmission or reflection as a function of wavelength, using narrow bandpass filters rather than the more conventional dispersive element.

磨料

定义

一种用于加工光学元件的打磨材料,如金刚砂,氧化铝,氧化硅,氧化铈,刚玉粉或氧化铁抛光粉等。磨料与抛光材料的不同主要体现在颗粒尺寸上。

English Expression

Abrasive

Definition

A material such as silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, silica, cerium oxide, emery or rouge that is used to figure, shape or finish optical elements. Abrasives differ from polishing materials mainly in particle size.

磨耗纹

定义

在光学表面因抛光摩擦、处理不当或者环境因素引起的任何划痕、凹陷或标记。

English Expression

abrasion mark

Definition

Any scratch, dig or mark on an optical surface caused by friction in polishing, mishandling or environmental factors.

阿布尼效应

定义

一种光线饱和度发生偏移的现象,通常,由于白光的增加,彩色光的饱和度会降低。

English expression

Abney effect

Definition

A shift in the apparent hue of a light which occurs as colored light is desaturated by the addition of white light.

备注

阿布尼效应描述了向单色光中加入白光会使其观察到的饱和度发生偏移的现象。

根据人眼的视觉特性,增加的白光会冲淡单色光源的颜色。光线中占优势的波长决定了人眼看到的颜色。然而,附加的白光导致的一个并不是非常直接的效应是,它使得人眼察觉的占优势的波长的发生了改变。这种同时存在的色调偏移现象无法用实验仪器进行测量,而只能被人眼辨别出来。

英国化学家、物理学家威廉·德·威伍莱斯利·阿布尼爵士于1909年最早描述了由于白光的作用而导致色调的差异的这一现象,虽然普遍报道的日期是1910年。英国化学家、物理学家威廉·德·威伍莱斯利·阿布尼爵士于1909年最早描述了由于白光的作用而导致色调的差异的这一现象,虽然普遍报道的日期是1910年。白光是红、绿、蓝光的复合光。阿布尼爵士演示了导致色调发生改变的是组成白光的红光、绿光,而同样是白光组分的蓝光对阿布尼效应没有贡献。

See also En.Wikipedia

光解剥离

定义

材料吸收脉冲紫外线后,在分子内和分子间产生足够的激发导致分子键断裂而使其成为碎片,但是却不会产生太大的热量所以不至于使物质熔化或碳化。这种现象称为烧蚀光解。

English Expression

ablative photodecomposition

Definition

The phenomenon where by pulsed ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by a material, causing excitation within and between molecules sufficient to break the molecular bonds and fragment the material without generating enough heat to cause melting or carbonization.

消融阈值

定义

吸收的激光能量刚好足以破坏物质分子之间的连接的能量值。

English Expression

ablation threshold

Definition

The point at which absorbed laser energy is sufficient to break the bonds between molecules of a material.

激光消融

定义

  1. 用激光来摘除身体组织,就像外科手术一样,但这种方式是通过汽化而不是割除。
  2. 用激光汽化来消除任意材料。
  3. 通过激光汽化并将材料沉积到基体上。

English Expression

laser ablation

Definition

  1. The use of a laser to remove body tissue as if by surgery, but actually by vaporization.
  2. The use of a laser to remove any material by vaporization.
  3. The use of a laser to deposit materials on a substrate by vaporization.

像差感应器

定义

一种采用刀(刃)扫描技术的光学仪器,可以检测和测量光学系统里畸变。

English Expression

Aberration sensor

Definition

An optical instrument with knife-edge scanning technology that can detect and measure aberrations in an optical system.