Four basic steps to breaking code

[spammer]

Breaking any code involves four basic steps:

1. determining the language used;
2. determining the system used;
3. reconstructing the key; and
4. reconstructing the plaintext.

For example:

Consider this cipher: Nffu nf bu uif qbsl bu oppo.

Now apply the four steps:

1. Determining the language allows you to compare the cipher text to the suspected language. Our cryptanalysts usually start with English.

2. Determining the system: Is this cipher using rearranged words, replaced words, or perhaps letter substitution? In this case, it